Nunzio Alì
Scientific field: [GSPS-01/A]
Personal website: https://nunzioali.com/
Nunzio Alì is an Assistant Professor in political philosophy in the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the University of Catania, Italy, and an FCT Assistant Researcher at the Centre for Ethics, Politics and Society, University of Minho, Portugal. A former postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Political Science at the University of São Paulo, he earned his PhD in Philosophy from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2018. He is co-coordinator of the Horizon-MSCA Staff Exchanges research consortium Justice in the XXI Century: A Perspective from Latin America (JUSTLA). His research interests include theories of justice, economic inequality, theories of power and domination, human rights, and climate justice. He is particularly concerned with the relationship between economic inequality and political power in liberal democracies and how this relationship should shape our understanding of social and distributive justice. His first book, How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality (Routledge, 2022) explores these themes in depth. I was also a Visiting Researcher at the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina), the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, the Chaire Hoover d’éthique économique et sociale at the Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium), the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning – CEBRAP (São Paulo, Brazil).
CURRICULUM VITAE (Updated January 2026)
E-mail: nunzio.ali@unict.it
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-978X
Italian national scientific qualification as Associate Professor in Political Philosophy (14/A1) from 05/06/2023 to 05/06/2034.
Current Position:
Fixed-term Researcher (Law 240/10 – RTDa, tempo definito) in Political Philosophy, Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania. Funded by PRIN 2022 PNRR “Democracy and Citizenship: Kantian and Post-Kantian Perspectives” and Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA – Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant No. 101183054) - year 2024-2027
Fixed-term Researcher in Political Philosophy, Centre for Ethics, Politics and Society – University of Minho, Portugal. Funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology – FCT (Grant No. 2023.06427.CEECIND) - year 2025-2031
Past Positions:
2020 – 2024. Postdoctoral researcher in Political Philosophy (funding from European Union’s Horizon 2020 under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) “Kant in South America – KANTINSA”, Grant No. 777786) - Department of Political and Social Sciences - University of Catania (Italy) – Research project: ‘Kant and Contemporary Political Philosophy’ (Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Luigi Caranti). The position was suspended due to the COVID-19 academic break from 1/12/2020 to 15/02/2022.
2018 – 2020. Postdoctoral researcher in Political Philosophy (The São Paulo Research Foundation- FAPESP Grant: 2018/04606-4) - Department of Political Science - University of São Paulo (Brazil) – Research project: ‘Economic Inequality and a Pluralistic Distributive Approach’ (Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alvaro de Vita).
Education:
• PhD in Political Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil) – 4 years: 2014-2018. PhD dissertation in Political philosophy: ‘Economic Inequality and Proportionality: How Rich Should the 1% Be?’ (Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alessandro Pinzani).
• Master’s Degree in Global Politics and Euro-Mediterranean Relations – Department of Political and Social Sciences - University of Catania (Italy) - 2 years: 2010-2012 – Master’s dissertation in Political philosophy: ‘The Institutional Interpretation of Human Rights: Critical Remarks’ (Supervisor: Prof. Luigi Caranti).
• Bachelor’s Degree in Historical Political Science - Department of Political and Social Sciences - University of Catania (Italy) - 3 years: 2007-2010 - BA dissertation in Political philosophy: ‘Il liberalismo politico come strumento per una giustizia globale’ (Supervisor: Prof. Luigi Caranti)
Visiting research
31/10/2025 to 21/11/2025. The Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Lima, Peru), Philosophy Department. Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
22/11/2025 to 22//28/2025. Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning – CEBRAP (São Paulo, Brazil). Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
23/12/2025 to 07/02/2026. Federal University of Santa Catarina (Florianopolis, Brazil). Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
09/05/2025 to 19/05/2025. Complutense University of Madrid (Madrid, Spain), Philosophy Department. Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
11/01/2023 to 17/03/2023. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) “Kant in South America – KANTINSA”, Grant No. 777786, University of Buenos Aires (Argentina), philosophy department. Title research: ‘Kant and Contemporary Political Philosophy’.
15/09/2022 to 15/11/2022. Honorary Fair Inheritance post-doctoral fellowship, Chaire Hoover d'éthique économique et sociale; Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium). Title research: ‘A Pluralistic Distributive Approach’ (supervisor Prof. Dr Axel Gosseries).
27/02/2020 to 19/07/2020. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) “Kant in South America – KANTINSA”, Grant No. 777786, Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil), philosophy department. Title research: ‘Kant and Contemporary Political Philosophy’.
Publications
Books:
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality. London/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003189428
Articles in peer review:
PIROLI, Diana - Nunzio Alì. 2026 (forthcoming). ‘Climate Change and Future Generations: Fairness, Political Catastrophe, and the Preservation of Just and Stable Institutions Over Time’, Special Issue edited by Enrico Biale and Giacomo Floris. Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2025 (forthcoming). ‘Emission Reductions Without Addressing Economic Inequality?
Proportional Justice as a Path to a Fair Green Transition.’ Special Section - FQP-PPI Issue 2/2025. Philosophy and Public Issues.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2023. ‘Levando as Liberdades Econômicas a Sério: Um Argumento Liberal para Limitar a Desigualdade Económica’. Ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy, v. 22, n. 2, 913-943. https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2023.e95149
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. ‘Enlarging Political Imagination: Ideal Types of Social Systems and a Pluralistic Distributive Approach’. Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, n° 117, p. 169-204.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. ‘Fair Equality of Opportunity and the Place for Individual Merit in a Liberal Democratic Society’. Brazilian Political Science Review (BPSR), vol. 16, n° 1, e0003-1/26.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. “What can we still learn from the Rawls-Habermas debate? A paradigm of political philosophy for liberal democracies”. Voluntas, vol.13, N.01, p. 01-28, e4.
ALI’, N. – CARANTI, L. 2021. ‘How Much Economic Inequality is Fair in Liberal Democracies? The Approach of Proportional Justice’. Philosophy & Social Criticism, vol. 47, n° 7, p.769-788.
CARANTI, Luigi. – ALI’, Nunzio. 2021. ‘The Limits of Limitarianism: Why Political Equality is not Protected by Robeyns’ Democratic Argument”. POLITICA & SOCIETÀ, vol. 2021, n.1, p. 89-116.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2021 ‘A Concepção Política dos Direitos Humanos: Algumas Objeções’. Griot: Revista de Filosofia, vol. 21, n.1, p. 367-378.
ALI’, Nunzio. – PIROLI, D. 2019. ‘Teoria Parcial de Justiça e Estrutura Política Democrática na Teoria de Nussbaum’. Ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy, vol. 18, n°. 3, p. 333-356.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2017 ‘Critical Theory, Relations of Domination, and a Certain Idea of Social Justice’. CADERNOS DE ÉTICA E FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA, v. 1, n° 30, p. 75-90.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2016. ‘Institutional Interpretation of Human Rights. Critical Remarks”. Ethic@ - An International Journal for Moral Philosophy’. v. 15, n° 3, p. 486-508.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2016. ‘Orthodox and Political/practical Views of Human Rights. A Possible Mediation’. POLITICA & SOCIETÀ, v. 2016, n° 2, p. 189-212.
Book charters:
ALI’, Nunzio. 2025. ‘Taking economic liberties seriously: a liberal argument for limiting economic inequality’. In Concepts and Conceptions of Freedom Historical perspectives and contemporary developments, Eds. Foroni, Cristina, Delamar Dutra, and Joel Thiago Klein, Berlin/Münster: LIT Verlag, pp. 283-315.
ALI’, Nunzio. - PINZANI, Alessandro. 2022. ‘Taking Economic Inequality Seriously. Kantian Views’. In: Caranti, L. - Pinzani, A. (eds.) Kant and the Problem of Politics: Rethinking the Contemporary World. London: Routledge, p. 87-110.
CARANTI, Luigi. – ALI’, Nunzio. 2020. ‘Redistribution, Recognition and Pluralism: A Rawlsian Criticism of Fraser’. In: Celentano, D. – Caranti, L. (eds.). Paradigms of Justice: Redistribution, Recognition, and Beyond. London: Routledge, p. 163-183.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2021. ‘Rawls’ Democratic Equality and the Idea of Co-Authorship’. In Cristina Foroni Consani; Julia Sichieri Moura; Nythamar de Oliveira (eds.). Justiça e Libertação: A Tribute to John Rawls. Porto Alegre: Fundação Fenix, p. 445-472. https://dx.doi.org/10.36592/9786581110482-20
ALI’, Nunzio. 2018. ”As diferentes formas de dominação e a oligarquia civil”. In Denílson Luís Werle et al (eds.). Justiça, Teoria Crítica e Democracia. Volume II. Florianópolis - SC: Nefiponline, p. 197-217.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2017. “A contraposição entre justiça distributiva e justiça procedimental: um aparente dilema democrático”. In: Denílson Luís Werle et al. (eds.). Justiça, Teoria Crítica e Democracia. Florianópolis - SC: Nefiponline, p. 282-310.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2017. “O conceito de razoável e os dois estágios da exposição do Liberalismo Político”. In: Correia, Adriano; Nascimento, Milton Meira do; Silva, Felipe Gonçalves; Weber, Thadeu. (eds.). Justiça e Direito. 1ed. São Paulo: ANPOF, p. 117-132.
Book Editions:
WERLE, Denilson - PIROLI, Diana - BORBA, Eduardo - SELL, Jorge - ALI, Nunzio - XAVIER, Raquel (eds.). 2018. Justiça, Teoria Crítica e Democracia. Volume II. Florianópolis: Nefiponline, 503pp.
WERLE, Denilson - PIROLI, Diana - BORBA, Eduardo - SELL, Jorge - ALI, Nunzio - XAVIER, Raquel (eds.). 2017. Justiça, Teoria Ccrítica e Democracia. Florianópolis - SC: Nefiponline, 441pp.
Reviews:
ALI’, Nunzio. “Claudio Corradetti, Kant e la costituzione cosmopolitica. Tre saggi, Milano, Mimesis, 2017, pp. 110”. Studi Kantiani XXXII, 2019, p. 214-215.
Research Area:
Theories of Justice – Power and Domination – Distributive Theory – Economic Inequality – Critical Theory –Human Rights – Climate Justice – Political Philosophy
Research activities
International congress organization:
Year 2026
• International Congress: Justice in the XXI Century: New Challenges, New Directions of Inquiry, at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 25-27 February 2026. Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
Year 2025
• CRIDEM Workshop: The Crisis of Liberal Democracy and the New Rise of Populism: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 28 October 2025. Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
Year 2024
• International Congress: IMMANUEL KANT, 300 YEARS FROM NOW. 17-19/10/2024, Department of Political and Social Science - University of Catania (Italy). Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
• Workshop: Global Justice Reimagined: Defining New Paths Beyond Center versus Periphery, at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 9-11 December 2024. Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
Year 2023
• MSCA-RISE Kantinsa Final Conference. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. In Partnership with the 10th Multilateral Kant Colloquium: The Space of Feelings: Kant and His Legacy. University of Ferrara, Italy.
• Talk by Dr. Raissa Wihby Ventura (State University of Campinas, Brazil), ‘A threat to human rights? Gender, memory, and the Rise of the Far Right in Brazil. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• ‘Workshop MSCA-RISE Kantinsa: Autonomy, Political Representation, and the Idea of Progress. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• Talk by Prof. Prof. Darlei Dall'Agnol (Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil) Global Bioethics and Vaccine Nationalism’. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
Year 2022
• Book Launch ‘How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality’. Talk by Dr. Nunzio Alì (Unict, Italy). Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• Talk by Dr. Daniel Perrone (University of Buenos Aires), ‘El concepto de una historia de la razón pura’. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• Talk by Dr. Daniel Perrone (University of Buenos Aires) ‘Los progresos de la metafísica como un ejemplo de historia de la razón pura’. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
Year 2019
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio; Werle, Denilson; Piroli, Diana; Borba, Eduardo; Sell, Jorge; Xavier Cipriani, Raquel III Colóquio Justiça e Democracia, 29-31/05/2019, Department of Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Year 2018
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio.; Caranti, Luigi; Celentano, Denise. Multilateral Kant Colloquium, 8th Edition - Kant and the Contemporary World: Philosophy, Science, Politics, 11-13/10/2018, Department of Political and Social Science - University of Catania (Italy).
Year 2017
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio; Werle, Denise. L.; Piroli, Diana; Borba, Eduardo.; Sell, J. A.; Xavier Cipriani, Raquel. II Colóquio Justiça e Democracia. 18-20/10/2017, Department of Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Year 2016
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio; Werle, Denilson; Borba, Eduardo; Sell, Jorge.; Xavier Cipriani, Raquel. I Colóquio Justiça e Democracia, 16-18/11/2016, Department of Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Coordinator and Membership
Co-coordinator
• Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America -JUSTLA (Grant n° 101183054) - Università di Catania – Political and Social Sciences Department
Website: https://justla.eu/home
EU Website: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101183054/it
JUSTLA is a consortium of 7 EU universities and 11 Latin American academic institutions, bringing together 148 scholars. The project promotes a North–South dialogue and concentrates on new lines of research in political theory that promise to challenge the dominant liberal paradigm of justice.
From 2025 to 2028
• Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) Kant in South America – KANTINSA (Grant No. 777786) - Università di Catania – Political and Social Sciences Department
Website: https://www.kantinsa.eu/
EU Website: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/777786/it
Kantinsa is a consortium of 4 EU Universities and 4 Southern American (SA) academic institutions analyze critically the development of Kant scholarship in Southern America in the last 15 years, following the booming of Kant studies in that continent over that period and the exponential increase of its quality.
From 2018 to 2023
• Colloquium Philosophy and Global Affairs
Università di Catania – Political and Social Sciences Department
Website: https://colloquiumonphilosophyandglobalaffairs.weebly.com/
Director: Prof. Luigi Caranti.
Former Speakers: Thomas Pogge - Allen Buchanan - Philippe van Parijs - Seumas Miller - Vincenzo Provenzano - Peter Schaber - John Tasioulas - Valeria Ottonelli - Leif Wenar - Chiara Bottici - Alessandro Pinzani - Elisabetta Galeotti - Stefan Dolgert - Daniel A. Bell - Howard Williams - Paulo Licht dos Santos - Patricia Kauark-Leite - Giorgia Cecchinato - James Nickel - Debora Spini - Sorin Baiasu - Lea Ypi - Rainer Forst - Darrel Moellendorf - Guido Alfani - Since 2010
• Oficinas de Pesquisa DesJus – Teoria Política e Questões Públicas
Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning (CEBRAP)
Other coordinators: Prof. Lucas Petroni (FGV); Prof. Sebastián Rudas (FGV); Dr. Raissa Ventura (Unicamp); Guilherme de Moraes (USP) - Since 2023
Membership
• Associate Member of Società Italiana di Filosofia Politica (SIFP) – since 2022
Webpage: https://sifp.it/soci/nunzio-al/
• Associate Member of Working Group Theories of Justice (ANPOF/Brazil) – since 2016
• Researcher at the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning- CEBRAP (São Paulo, Brazil), since 2025. Webpage https://cebrap.org.br/pesquisador/nunzioali/
Congress and conference presentations (Last 4 years):
Year 2026
Alì, Nunzio. ‘ Entre o iate e o planeta: riqueza extrema e conflitos político-distributivos na transição verde’ (Between the yacht and the planet: extreme wealth and political-distributive conflicts in the green transition). WORKSHOP DO PROJETO MSCA “JUSTLA”, 23/01/2026, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
Year 2025
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Pobreza, Desigualdade Econômica e Democracia: Desafios da justiça social diante da transição climática’ (Poverty, Economic Inequality, and Democracy: Challenges to social justice in the face of climate transition). Encontro JUSTLA-DESJUS, 10-11/12/2025, Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning- CEBRAP, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Democracy Against Plutocracy: Climate Justice in the Age of Inequality’. International Conference Teoría crítica y extractivismo (neo)colonial. Alternativas a la hegemonía capitalista. XII Jornadas sobre Teoría Crítica, 12-14 November 2025, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Justiça climática, democracia, e neoliberalismo capitalista: há espaço apenas para dois’ (Online presentation). V Colóquio Nacional Direito e Política: Desafios da Democracia: Perspectivas Locais e Globais, 20-24 October 2025, Federal University of Parana, Brazil.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Gender Domination and a Political Conception of ‘Distributive’ Justice of Power. 28th IPSA World Congress of Political Science, 12-16 July 2025, Seoul, South Korea.
Alì, Nunzio. Participation as Discussant at the Panel: ‘Political Ways of Living: Liberalism as a Form of Life,’ 28th IPSA World Congress of Political Science, 12-16 July 2025, Seoul, South Korea.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Social Rights and Extreme Economic Inequality’ (Online presentation). International Research Conference: Socio-Economic Rights: Foundational and Practical Issues, 13-14 June 2025, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Welfare State and Economic Inequalities’. PPE Europe Annual Conference 2025 Welfare in the Twenty-First Century, 21-23, May 2025, University of Milan/San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Author Meet the Critics: How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality (Routledge 2022). Organized by Nuria Madrid, May 12, 2025, Faculty of Philosophy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘The Climate Transition and the Super-Rich: What About Jobs and Inequality?’. International Conference at Ruhr-University Bochum Migration, Work and Climate. Towards the Realm of Ends and Means, March 28-31, 2025, Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Year 2024
Alì, Nunzio. Participation as Speaker at the ‘Global Justice Reimagined: Defining New Paths Beyond Center versus Periphery’, December 9-11, 2024, Catania, University of Catania, Italy.
Alì, Nunzio. Panel Organization with Elena Icardi. Limitarianism: Why, How, and What Wealth Should Be Limited. 14th Braga Meetings on Ethics and Political Philosophy, Braga (Portugal), 26-28 June 2024.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Workshop: Carbon Budget Between Normativity and Social Critique’. The Annual Philosophy and Social Science, Prague (Czech Republic), 8-12 May 2024.
Year 2023
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Limiting Inequality rather than Absolute Wealth: Positional Goods and Proportional Justice’. The PPE Society Seventh Annual Meeting 2023, New Orleans (USA), 2-4 November 2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Kant, Material Domination, and Global Justice’. ECPR General Conference, Charles University (Praha, Cech Republic), 04-08/09/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Kant and Rousseau: Domination and Individual Autonomy’. 10th MULTILATERAL KANT COLLOQUIUM: The Space of Feelings: Kant and His Legacy (Kantinsa final conference), University of Ferrara (Italy), 30/08/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Why Should Economic Inequality Matter to Kant? Political Equality and Active Citizenship’, Workshop, Ruhr University Bochum (Germany), 29/06/23.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Kant, Inequality, and Domination’. JORNADA KANT: Kant en diálogo con problemas contemporaneous. Philosophy department, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), 16/03/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. Book presentation: ‘How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality’. Discussant: Prof. dr. Amaro Fleck (UFMG). Philosophy Department – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 10/03/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. Book presentation: ‘How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality’. Discussant: Prof. dr. Alessandro Pinzani (UFSC), Prof. dr. Denilson Werle (UFSC). Philosophy department– Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil, 07/03/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Rousseau, Kant, and Material Domination’. VII Colóquio do Centro de Investigações Kantianas - Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil, 02/03/2023.
Language skills
Italian: Mother tongue
English: fluent
Portuguese: fluent
Spanish: basic knowledge
Nunzio Alì is an Assistant Professor in political philosophy in the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the University of Catania, Italy, and an FCT Assistant Researcher at the Centre for Ethics, Politics and Society, University of Minho, Portugal. A former postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Political Science at the University of São Paulo, he earned his PhD in Philosophy from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2018. He is co-coordinator of the Horizon-MSCA Staff Exchanges research consortium Justice in the XXI Century: A Perspective from Latin America (JUSTLA). His research interests include theories of justice, economic inequality, theories of power and domination, human rights, and climate justice. He is particularly concerned with the relationship between economic inequality and political power in liberal democracies and how this relationship should shape our understanding of social and distributive justice. His first book, How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality (Routledge, 2022) explores these themes in depth. I was also a Visiting Researcher at the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina), the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, the Chaire Hoover d’éthique économique et sociale at the Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium), the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning – CEBRAP (São Paulo, Brazil).
CURRICULUM VITAE (Updated January 2026)
E-mail: nunzio.ali@unict.it
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-978X
Italian national scientific qualification as Associate Professor in Political Philosophy (14/A1) from 05/06/2023 to 05/06/2034.
Current Position:
Fixed-term Researcher (Law 240/10 – RTDa, tempo definito) in Political Philosophy, Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania. Funded by PRIN 2022 PNRR “Democracy and Citizenship: Kantian and Post-Kantian Perspectives” and Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA – Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant No. 101183054) - year 2024-2027
Fixed-term Researcher in Political Philosophy, Centre for Ethics, Politics and Society – University of Minho, Portugal. Funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology – FCT (Grant No. 2023.06427.CEECIND) - year 2025-2031
Past Positions:
2020 – 2024. Postdoctoral researcher in Political Philosophy (funding from European Union’s Horizon 2020 under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) “Kant in South America – KANTINSA”, Grant No. 777786) - Department of Political and Social Sciences - University of Catania (Italy) – Research project: ‘Kant and Contemporary Political Philosophy’ (Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Luigi Caranti). The position was suspended due to the COVID-19 academic break from 1/12/2020 to 15/02/2022.
2018 – 2020. Postdoctoral researcher in Political Philosophy (The São Paulo Research Foundation- FAPESP Grant: 2018/04606-4) - Department of Political Science - University of São Paulo (Brazil) – Research project: ‘Economic Inequality and a Pluralistic Distributive Approach’ (Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alvaro de Vita).
Education:
• PhD in Political Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil) – 4 years: 2014-2018. PhD dissertation in Political philosophy: ‘Economic Inequality and Proportionality: How Rich Should the 1% Be?’ (Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Alessandro Pinzani).
• Master’s Degree in Global Politics and Euro-Mediterranean Relations – Department of Political and Social Sciences - University of Catania (Italy) - 2 years: 2010-2012 – Master’s dissertation in Political philosophy: ‘The Institutional Interpretation of Human Rights: Critical Remarks’ (Supervisor: Prof. Luigi Caranti).
• Bachelor’s Degree in Historical Political Science - Department of Political and Social Sciences - University of Catania (Italy) - 3 years: 2007-2010 - BA dissertation in Political philosophy: ‘Il liberalismo politico come strumento per una giustizia globale’ (Supervisor: Prof. Luigi Caranti)
Visiting research
31/10/2025 to 21/11/2025. The Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (Lima, Peru), Philosophy Department. Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
22/11/2025 to 22//28/2025. Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning – CEBRAP (São Paulo, Brazil). Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
23/12/2025 to 07/02/2026. Federal University of Santa Catarina (Florianopolis, Brazil). Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
09/05/2025 to 19/05/2025. Complutense University of Madrid (Madrid, Spain), Philosophy Department. Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges “JUSTLA - Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America” (Grant n° 101183054),
11/01/2023 to 17/03/2023. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) “Kant in South America – KANTINSA”, Grant No. 777786, University of Buenos Aires (Argentina), philosophy department. Title research: ‘Kant and Contemporary Political Philosophy’.
15/09/2022 to 15/11/2022. Honorary Fair Inheritance post-doctoral fellowship, Chaire Hoover d'éthique économique et sociale; Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium). Title research: ‘A Pluralistic Distributive Approach’ (supervisor Prof. Dr Axel Gosseries).
27/02/2020 to 19/07/2020. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) “Kant in South America – KANTINSA”, Grant No. 777786, Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil), philosophy department. Title research: ‘Kant and Contemporary Political Philosophy’.
Publications
Books:
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality. London/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003189428
Articles in peer review:
PIROLI, Diana - Nunzio Alì. 2026 (forthcoming). ‘Climate Change and Future Generations: Fairness, Political Catastrophe, and the Preservation of Just and Stable Institutions Over Time’, Special Issue edited by Enrico Biale and Giacomo Floris. Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2025 (forthcoming). ‘Emission Reductions Without Addressing Economic Inequality?
Proportional Justice as a Path to a Fair Green Transition.’ Special Section - FQP-PPI Issue 2/2025. Philosophy and Public Issues.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2023. ‘Levando as Liberdades Econômicas a Sério: Um Argumento Liberal para Limitar a Desigualdade Económica’. Ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy, v. 22, n. 2, 913-943. https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2023.e95149
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. ‘Enlarging Political Imagination: Ideal Types of Social Systems and a Pluralistic Distributive Approach’. Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, n° 117, p. 169-204.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. ‘Fair Equality of Opportunity and the Place for Individual Merit in a Liberal Democratic Society’. Brazilian Political Science Review (BPSR), vol. 16, n° 1, e0003-1/26.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2022. “What can we still learn from the Rawls-Habermas debate? A paradigm of political philosophy for liberal democracies”. Voluntas, vol.13, N.01, p. 01-28, e4.
ALI’, N. – CARANTI, L. 2021. ‘How Much Economic Inequality is Fair in Liberal Democracies? The Approach of Proportional Justice’. Philosophy & Social Criticism, vol. 47, n° 7, p.769-788.
CARANTI, Luigi. – ALI’, Nunzio. 2021. ‘The Limits of Limitarianism: Why Political Equality is not Protected by Robeyns’ Democratic Argument”. POLITICA & SOCIETÀ, vol. 2021, n.1, p. 89-116.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2021 ‘A Concepção Política dos Direitos Humanos: Algumas Objeções’. Griot: Revista de Filosofia, vol. 21, n.1, p. 367-378.
ALI’, Nunzio. – PIROLI, D. 2019. ‘Teoria Parcial de Justiça e Estrutura Política Democrática na Teoria de Nussbaum’. Ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy, vol. 18, n°. 3, p. 333-356.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2017 ‘Critical Theory, Relations of Domination, and a Certain Idea of Social Justice’. CADERNOS DE ÉTICA E FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA, v. 1, n° 30, p. 75-90.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2016. ‘Institutional Interpretation of Human Rights. Critical Remarks”. Ethic@ - An International Journal for Moral Philosophy’. v. 15, n° 3, p. 486-508.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2016. ‘Orthodox and Political/practical Views of Human Rights. A Possible Mediation’. POLITICA & SOCIETÀ, v. 2016, n° 2, p. 189-212.
Book charters:
ALI’, Nunzio. 2025. ‘Taking economic liberties seriously: a liberal argument for limiting economic inequality’. In Concepts and Conceptions of Freedom Historical perspectives and contemporary developments, Eds. Foroni, Cristina, Delamar Dutra, and Joel Thiago Klein, Berlin/Münster: LIT Verlag, pp. 283-315.
ALI’, Nunzio. - PINZANI, Alessandro. 2022. ‘Taking Economic Inequality Seriously. Kantian Views’. In: Caranti, L. - Pinzani, A. (eds.) Kant and the Problem of Politics: Rethinking the Contemporary World. London: Routledge, p. 87-110.
CARANTI, Luigi. – ALI’, Nunzio. 2020. ‘Redistribution, Recognition and Pluralism: A Rawlsian Criticism of Fraser’. In: Celentano, D. – Caranti, L. (eds.). Paradigms of Justice: Redistribution, Recognition, and Beyond. London: Routledge, p. 163-183.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2021. ‘Rawls’ Democratic Equality and the Idea of Co-Authorship’. In Cristina Foroni Consani; Julia Sichieri Moura; Nythamar de Oliveira (eds.). Justiça e Libertação: A Tribute to John Rawls. Porto Alegre: Fundação Fenix, p. 445-472. https://dx.doi.org/10.36592/9786581110482-20
ALI’, Nunzio. 2018. ”As diferentes formas de dominação e a oligarquia civil”. In Denílson Luís Werle et al (eds.). Justiça, Teoria Crítica e Democracia. Volume II. Florianópolis - SC: Nefiponline, p. 197-217.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2017. “A contraposição entre justiça distributiva e justiça procedimental: um aparente dilema democrático”. In: Denílson Luís Werle et al. (eds.). Justiça, Teoria Crítica e Democracia. Florianópolis - SC: Nefiponline, p. 282-310.
ALI’, Nunzio. 2017. “O conceito de razoável e os dois estágios da exposição do Liberalismo Político”. In: Correia, Adriano; Nascimento, Milton Meira do; Silva, Felipe Gonçalves; Weber, Thadeu. (eds.). Justiça e Direito. 1ed. São Paulo: ANPOF, p. 117-132.
Book Editions:
WERLE, Denilson - PIROLI, Diana - BORBA, Eduardo - SELL, Jorge - ALI, Nunzio - XAVIER, Raquel (eds.). 2018. Justiça, Teoria Crítica e Democracia. Volume II. Florianópolis: Nefiponline, 503pp.
WERLE, Denilson - PIROLI, Diana - BORBA, Eduardo - SELL, Jorge - ALI, Nunzio - XAVIER, Raquel (eds.). 2017. Justiça, Teoria Ccrítica e Democracia. Florianópolis - SC: Nefiponline, 441pp.
Reviews:
ALI’, Nunzio. “Claudio Corradetti, Kant e la costituzione cosmopolitica. Tre saggi, Milano, Mimesis, 2017, pp. 110”. Studi Kantiani XXXII, 2019, p. 214-215.
Research Area:
Theories of Justice – Power and Domination – Distributive Theory – Economic Inequality – Critical Theory –Human Rights – Climate Justice – Political Philosophy
Research activities
International congress organization:
Year 2026
• International Congress: Justice in the XXI Century: New Challenges, New Directions of Inquiry, at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 25-27 February 2026. Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
Year 2025
• CRIDEM Workshop: The Crisis of Liberal Democracy and the New Rise of Populism: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 28 October 2025. Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
Year 2024
• International Congress: IMMANUEL KANT, 300 YEARS FROM NOW. 17-19/10/2024, Department of Political and Social Science - University of Catania (Italy). Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
• Workshop: Global Justice Reimagined: Defining New Paths Beyond Center versus Periphery, at the Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 9-11 December 2024. Orgs. Alì, Nunzio; Caranti, Luigi; Piroli, Diana.
Year 2023
• MSCA-RISE Kantinsa Final Conference. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. In Partnership with the 10th Multilateral Kant Colloquium: The Space of Feelings: Kant and His Legacy. University of Ferrara, Italy.
• Talk by Dr. Raissa Wihby Ventura (State University of Campinas, Brazil), ‘A threat to human rights? Gender, memory, and the Rise of the Far Right in Brazil. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• ‘Workshop MSCA-RISE Kantinsa: Autonomy, Political Representation, and the Idea of Progress. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• Talk by Prof. Prof. Darlei Dall'Agnol (Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil) Global Bioethics and Vaccine Nationalism’. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
Year 2022
• Book Launch ‘How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality’. Talk by Dr. Nunzio Alì (Unict, Italy). Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• Talk by Dr. Daniel Perrone (University of Buenos Aires), ‘El concepto de una historia de la razón pura’. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
• Talk by Dr. Daniel Perrone (University of Buenos Aires) ‘Los progresos de la metafísica como un ejemplo de historia de la razón pura’. Organized by Luigi Caranti, Diana Piroli, and Nunzio Alì. Colloquium Philosophy & Global Affairs, University of Catania, Italy.
Year 2019
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio; Werle, Denilson; Piroli, Diana; Borba, Eduardo; Sell, Jorge; Xavier Cipriani, Raquel III Colóquio Justiça e Democracia, 29-31/05/2019, Department of Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Year 2018
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio.; Caranti, Luigi; Celentano, Denise. Multilateral Kant Colloquium, 8th Edition - Kant and the Contemporary World: Philosophy, Science, Politics, 11-13/10/2018, Department of Political and Social Science - University of Catania (Italy).
Year 2017
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio; Werle, Denise. L.; Piroli, Diana; Borba, Eduardo.; Sell, J. A.; Xavier Cipriani, Raquel. II Colóquio Justiça e Democracia. 18-20/10/2017, Department of Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Year 2016
• International Congress: Ali, Nunzio; Werle, Denilson; Borba, Eduardo; Sell, Jorge.; Xavier Cipriani, Raquel. I Colóquio Justiça e Democracia, 16-18/11/2016, Department of Philosophy - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Brazil).
Coordinator and Membership
Co-coordinator
• Horizon MSCA Staff Exchanges Justice in the 21st Century: A Perspective from Latin America -JUSTLA (Grant n° 101183054) - Università di Catania – Political and Social Sciences Department
Website: https://justla.eu/home
EU Website: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101183054/it
JUSTLA is a consortium of 7 EU universities and 11 Latin American academic institutions, bringing together 148 scholars. The project promotes a North–South dialogue and concentrates on new lines of research in political theory that promise to challenge the dominant liberal paradigm of justice.
From 2025 to 2028
• Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) Kant in South America – KANTINSA (Grant No. 777786) - Università di Catania – Political and Social Sciences Department
Website: https://www.kantinsa.eu/
EU Website: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/777786/it
Kantinsa is a consortium of 4 EU Universities and 4 Southern American (SA) academic institutions analyze critically the development of Kant scholarship in Southern America in the last 15 years, following the booming of Kant studies in that continent over that period and the exponential increase of its quality.
From 2018 to 2023
• Colloquium Philosophy and Global Affairs
Università di Catania – Political and Social Sciences Department
Website: https://colloquiumonphilosophyandglobalaffairs.weebly.com/
Director: Prof. Luigi Caranti.
Former Speakers: Thomas Pogge - Allen Buchanan - Philippe van Parijs - Seumas Miller - Vincenzo Provenzano - Peter Schaber - John Tasioulas - Valeria Ottonelli - Leif Wenar - Chiara Bottici - Alessandro Pinzani - Elisabetta Galeotti - Stefan Dolgert - Daniel A. Bell - Howard Williams - Paulo Licht dos Santos - Patricia Kauark-Leite - Giorgia Cecchinato - James Nickel - Debora Spini - Sorin Baiasu - Lea Ypi - Rainer Forst - Darrel Moellendorf - Guido Alfani - Since 2010
• Oficinas de Pesquisa DesJus – Teoria Política e Questões Públicas
Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning (CEBRAP)
Other coordinators: Prof. Lucas Petroni (FGV); Prof. Sebastián Rudas (FGV); Dr. Raissa Ventura (Unicamp); Guilherme de Moraes (USP) - Since 2023
Membership
• Associate Member of Società Italiana di Filosofia Politica (SIFP) – since 2022
Webpage: https://sifp.it/soci/nunzio-al/
• Associate Member of Working Group Theories of Justice (ANPOF/Brazil) – since 2016
• Researcher at the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning- CEBRAP (São Paulo, Brazil), since 2025. Webpage https://cebrap.org.br/pesquisador/nunzioali/
Congress and conference presentations (Last 4 years):
Year 2026
Alì, Nunzio. ‘ Entre o iate e o planeta: riqueza extrema e conflitos político-distributivos na transição verde’ (Between the yacht and the planet: extreme wealth and political-distributive conflicts in the green transition). WORKSHOP DO PROJETO MSCA “JUSTLA”, 23/01/2026, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
Year 2025
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Pobreza, Desigualdade Econômica e Democracia: Desafios da justiça social diante da transição climática’ (Poverty, Economic Inequality, and Democracy: Challenges to social justice in the face of climate transition). Encontro JUSTLA-DESJUS, 10-11/12/2025, Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning- CEBRAP, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Democracy Against Plutocracy: Climate Justice in the Age of Inequality’. International Conference Teoría crítica y extractivismo (neo)colonial. Alternativas a la hegemonía capitalista. XII Jornadas sobre Teoría Crítica, 12-14 November 2025, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Justiça climática, democracia, e neoliberalismo capitalista: há espaço apenas para dois’ (Online presentation). V Colóquio Nacional Direito e Política: Desafios da Democracia: Perspectivas Locais e Globais, 20-24 October 2025, Federal University of Parana, Brazil.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Gender Domination and a Political Conception of ‘Distributive’ Justice of Power. 28th IPSA World Congress of Political Science, 12-16 July 2025, Seoul, South Korea.
Alì, Nunzio. Participation as Discussant at the Panel: ‘Political Ways of Living: Liberalism as a Form of Life,’ 28th IPSA World Congress of Political Science, 12-16 July 2025, Seoul, South Korea.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Social Rights and Extreme Economic Inequality’ (Online presentation). International Research Conference: Socio-Economic Rights: Foundational and Practical Issues, 13-14 June 2025, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Welfare State and Economic Inequalities’. PPE Europe Annual Conference 2025 Welfare in the Twenty-First Century, 21-23, May 2025, University of Milan/San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Author Meet the Critics: How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality (Routledge 2022). Organized by Nuria Madrid, May 12, 2025, Faculty of Philosophy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘The Climate Transition and the Super-Rich: What About Jobs and Inequality?’. International Conference at Ruhr-University Bochum Migration, Work and Climate. Towards the Realm of Ends and Means, March 28-31, 2025, Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Year 2024
Alì, Nunzio. Participation as Speaker at the ‘Global Justice Reimagined: Defining New Paths Beyond Center versus Periphery’, December 9-11, 2024, Catania, University of Catania, Italy.
Alì, Nunzio. Panel Organization with Elena Icardi. Limitarianism: Why, How, and What Wealth Should Be Limited. 14th Braga Meetings on Ethics and Political Philosophy, Braga (Portugal), 26-28 June 2024.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Workshop: Carbon Budget Between Normativity and Social Critique’. The Annual Philosophy and Social Science, Prague (Czech Republic), 8-12 May 2024.
Year 2023
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Limiting Inequality rather than Absolute Wealth: Positional Goods and Proportional Justice’. The PPE Society Seventh Annual Meeting 2023, New Orleans (USA), 2-4 November 2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Kant, Material Domination, and Global Justice’. ECPR General Conference, Charles University (Praha, Cech Republic), 04-08/09/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Kant and Rousseau: Domination and Individual Autonomy’. 10th MULTILATERAL KANT COLLOQUIUM: The Space of Feelings: Kant and His Legacy (Kantinsa final conference), University of Ferrara (Italy), 30/08/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Why Should Economic Inequality Matter to Kant? Political Equality and Active Citizenship’, Workshop, Ruhr University Bochum (Germany), 29/06/23.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Kant, Inequality, and Domination’. JORNADA KANT: Kant en diálogo con problemas contemporaneous. Philosophy department, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), 16/03/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. Book presentation: ‘How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality’. Discussant: Prof. dr. Amaro Fleck (UFMG). Philosophy Department – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 10/03/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. Book presentation: ‘How Rich Should the 1% Be? Proportional Justice and Economic Inequality’. Discussant: Prof. dr. Alessandro Pinzani (UFSC), Prof. dr. Denilson Werle (UFSC). Philosophy department– Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil, 07/03/2023.
Alì, Nunzio. ‘Rousseau, Kant, and Material Domination’. VII Colóquio do Centro de Investigações Kantianas - Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil, 02/03/2023.
Language skills
Italian: Mother tongue
English: fluent
Portuguese: fluent
Spanish: basic knowledge
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